The core distinction between the two primary system types lies in their power source and complexity. Passive vs Active devices serve fundamentally different use cases. Passive systems utilize purely mechanical components—such as springs, elastic bands, or counterbalancing mechanisms—to store and release energy, or to redirect weight. They require no external power, are lightweight, and are ideal for reducing fatigue and preventing strain in repetitive, moderate-load tasks like overhead work in manufacturing.

Active (or powered) exoskeletons, conversely, rely on motors, actuators, and batteries to provide real-time force augmentation. Equipped with sophisticated sensors and control units, they can actively assist in movement, enabling users to lift heavier loads or completely restore lower-limb mobility for individuals with paralysis. While more complex and expensive, active systems offer greater assistance and programmability, making them indispensable for high-demand industrial tasks, military applications, and clinical rehabilitation.

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